Efficient solar battery

Title: Alternative sources

Alternative energy is now available! Prez 2018 you can buy polycrystalline solar panel with a power of 150 watts and a voltage of 12 volts for about 115 dollars. Technology for the production on the panel is assimilated and improved, for the sake of some time, the trend has been reduced for painting at a high price. For yes, use the energy for slantseto on the spot, tryabva and collect home SES. The company's profiles offer ready-made kits and services for installation on a solar installation. From a friend of the country, Ima according to Evtino's solution - the sun panel owns it.

Containment: 1. Sunshine battery: how is it and how does it work 2. Advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy 3. Site selection and design 4. Design 5. Stupka on stupka process on the citizen 6. Sun panels from scrap material 7. Video: 8. Another example for sglobyavanes: 9. conclusions

Sun battery: how to imagine and how to work

The slanted cell is a set from the panel, which converts light energy, connecting into a specific circuit for comprehending on the desired electrical characteristics: voltage, current and power. All panels are represented by a silicone plate with metalization of the body behind the connection of the verigata. In preparing solutions, those are all factory-wired and installer tryabva and slobi chain from a little, for yes osiguri stored for storage in the necessary volume.

The principle of action is based on the photo of the effect. Kato illuminate the silicon, yama and comprehend poverty, therefore they will instill - an alloy in the structure on the plate.As a result, an excess of positive or negative carriers per charge appears on the product, which, depending on the type of impurity, forms P and N regions and a pn-transition - a cathode of semiconductors - a diode. Hit a light-colored kogato, forming a photo-EMP on the clamp. The voltage across the diode is usually quite low - about half a volt. Consequently, in a single solar module there are a lot of cell types, and the initial voltage on the battery catoly reached 12-24 V.

Such a dim light did not reach us day and night, the energy is still generating the very premise, for the sake of using the electricity of contempt, the trembling of this natrupate. Tova iziskva batery and controller for zarezhdaneto them. If you do not use the 12-volt equipment itself, but also use 220-volt and domakinski uredi, you need an inverter as well.

Principle on slanchevata battery

The controller for the discharge will be offered in various forms:

• On / Exclude
• PWM.
• MPPT.

An inverter is needed for converting to a constant voltage from 12 V to a variable voltage from 110, 220, 380 and so on. The same is designed for the same initial voltage.

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Advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy

All from energy sectors and Ima are stronger and weaker countries. Plus on the receipt for electricity from the sun light:

• Do not crawl out of the dig, flow and gaseous goriv.
• Nyama factory at the zamrsyavane for about Wednesday.
• Sunny light and free source of energy.

But imache and some shortcomings:

• In spite of the price on the bateriite, the painting is still high.
• Osven panel sa needs batteries and converters.
• The term on the cover is from 5 years.

Do not take it and take it foreseeing the exploitation of the stomach on bateriite and periodically crushing it.Slynchevat energy is not sensible Eutina, somehow honestly here. However, there are other possibilities, but the method for electrification is suitable.

Nay-chesto cross-section of polycrystalline and single-crystal panels. The last ca in the sky, ty kato sa in the direction from the homogenous silicon crystals, with a higher efficiency (about 15%). Polycrystals are produced from material recycling, residues from single-crystal production and panel processing. Those struvate is about 15% pure, and has a slightly lower efficiency (8-12%), although the sources are quite different, according to what is shown. - good results at cloudy or cloudy time, such a difference in the value of not wine is justified. Amorphous batteries of a row.

How can we distinguish a polycrystalline solar panel from a monocrystalline solar panel?

A lot is simple, the elements on the single-crystal structure are dull or segmented, and they bloom on the surface the same: from dark blue to black. Polycrystalline element and imamat of the format are on the right side, and the color is heterogeneous, lightly shimmering: from blue to almost black, the texture is quite decent for camouflage.

Modules from poly-crystal and single-crystal solar cells back kjm sdzharzhanieto ↑

Site selection and design

Behind the montirane on the panel, there is a suitable part of the space, at the top, for some reason, the syanka does not fall and illuminates from the sunbeams. If you are wondering about the protection of a solar power plant, you most likely live in a private house or even an electrified villa. Here is a list of locations suitable for battery installations:

• Pokriv on kashchi and stopanski buildings.
• Celebrate places on land in the yard.
• South walls on the fence.

Although the curve of the name is not a construction, in some of the curves it is located under the straight line of the horizon (pediment, Finnish, etc.), the panels can even be placed directly above it. For installation on a horizontal and vertical, a metal structure is required, for some reason it should be set up on the padan on the slope of the beam close to the right line. Better yet, the construction of the wall-mounted metal is directed away from aluminum or other alloys, for all avoiding unnecessary nat- ural goods and zidariyata.

IMPORTANT! The effectiveness of the installation of the painting is proportional to the glare on the padan on the light. Kolkoto more often differs from 90 degrees, little by little the electricity you receive is sensible.

An example for the design on the battery. Basically e, che nay - often looked slantseto. back kjm sdzharzhanieto ↑

Design

It is necessary to send the correct calculation to the power on the panel, inverter and battery capacity. For yes, send tov, tryabva, yes, decide from what need you have solar battery? How much is the source at the backup storage, then calculate how much time it takes to operate for archiving the pipeline and osiguri of the station and how the equipment is still connected to the backup storage.

If you need from the main source of energy, tryabva and calculate how much time all of your electrical work is done on a common basis, then multiply the broya on the clock according to technical capacity. As a result, you know how much kWh energy per day of consumption. Next, add 20-50% to the reserve, i.e. multiply broya by kW / h from 1.2-1.5. Divide this number by the voltage then by the battery (12 or 24 V) to get the capacity (A / h).

They cast on the panel elements, choosing a base on the power output and average daily hours, which is warmer than your geographic width.That is, if you consume 1 kW / h per den, and the den will last an average of 10 hours, then the maximum brightness of the light fall in the frame for 4-5 hours, togawa:

P = W / (Hs * k),

P e total power per battery, W e consummation for energy, Hs e cast on the clock, k e coefficient for the maximum brightness per light, i.e. a little warmer than 4 hours from 10 o'clock is a lot bright, but stop painting from time to time, then equal to 4/10 or 0.4.

The inverter is selected on the basis of the equipment at work. In apartments and houses, 16 A inputs need to be installed on the distribution board, about 3.5 kW, which means that the inverter with such power is usually sufficient.

The last step is not sglobyavane on the installation. Nay-difficulty e yes ce intend to optimally ygl on the slope on the battery. It is necessary to experimentally determine the angle, at some point, golyamata, the duration for a while will be better, it is possible to find a close to perpendicular position.

Mounting on a solarnia panel on a curve back kjm sdzharzhanieto ↑

Stupka on stupka process on the citizen

For yes, shield the panel, check out the tryabva:

• Aluminiev yogly.
• Shperplat, MAP or MAP.
• Sealant
• Transparent protective coating (plexiglass or glass with low iron content, tempered).
• Sun panels.
• The bus for soldering on a cell (ideally) or a tile from bodies, bodies.
• Cable.
• Screwdriver.
• Self-tapping screws, angles and a friend of the obkov.
• Hacksaw for metal.

Sglobyavane on the frame

Once you decide how the size of the ripple and the panel will be, cut out the template from the cardboard, place silicone elements on top of it, leaving a distance between the ties of 3-5 mm.Silicium is a lot of cracked material, and it is necessary to keep it fresh, so that you don’t swell in time on heating and cooling. Next, cut the template to size and fold and fold the aluminum frame. You can prikokrivate or shuttle parts, but for the last ripple and cut the material by 45 degrees, for the goods it is convenient and use the kutia for the slope. Do not take away and close up the protective glass, before and mount the solar panels.

Twist your shoulders

On the opposite side of the country, on the plateau of the ima, a layer of silver is blooming. Giving it up in Kalaidisvan with the help of a sour stream. Kalaidissay zhitsata or shinata preliminarily. The bus is a flat conductor. If not, you can use a braided cable or cable conductor.

Zapoyavane on the platform is one friend's place

Next, tryabva and apply the flux with a clear top of the metal, a layer of silicon, with the movement on the poyanik, smear a cap of peace, when the surface becomes even and flattering - contact se kalaydi. Some choirs are used by the flux stick. I didn’t try it, but it’s convenient for them and they work hard. Solder POS-61 - suitable for drinking. Serially connected on a plane by increasing the input voltage, parallelly connected to a group by increasing the output current.

Tuk ima two nasoks:

1. Don't overheat! For yes, do not damage the pad and the contact, you can’t wait with a soldering iron for a long time, for this you need a soldering iron with a power of 30 to 60 W, with a heat capacity (i.e., in debel).
2. Don't share! Plochite sa a lot of tanki and krekhki. Dokato zapoyavate, put on top of the mek debel cardboard, styrofoam, penofol, parsal in an extreme estimate. Comrades, they painted the probability of squeezing when onslaught from a poyalnik or an obraschane on an elementite.

Osventova tryabva and install a Schottky diode.If you look for and avoid the reverse current from the battery to the darkness, then you can install a diode between the battery and the battery. Manufacturers generally do not install diodes.

Sglobyavane on the panel

The rear hood can be made from plastic, shperplat and other sheet materials. Punch the holes for circulation on the air at the top of the flat area, which will fill the sockets electrically from the seal in time, so you will avoid corrosion. The trace of the installation of the trebva and the bjde montiran at the top of the bearing is a stationary structure. It’s better to foresee the possibility of adjusting the angle on the slope - it’s better to help and comprehend the optimal power at different times of the year, after adjusting the position under the sun.

Sglobyavane on the home sun panel back kjm sdzharzhanieto ↑

Sun panels from scrap material

If you are not looking for and investing a lot in the panel, but if you are interested and experience what you are capable of, you can assemble a simple solar panel from an old radio component yourself.

Battery for transistors

Baterien transistor with cut capac

For sglobyavane, you need from old Soviet transistors in iron kutia, such as KT819 or MP21-MP43 and others like that. Tyahnoto was a burden of decency on a flying chinia, chiito two halves of a sa svyarzan between si, and shevt e navit. For yes, open it up, have mercy on the kolan and tear the halves into various strips. In the third you see a silicon crystal with two electrodes, put it under a bright light and determine with a voltmeter: between which there is a kraka imana nai is a high voltage. The power of a single home photocell is small, and the voltage is barely reaching 0.3-0.5 W, you can shake about 30-40 parchette, but you will reach 12 W, if you still have low current.

battery from diode

Diodi D223B

A diode from type D223B emits about 0.35 V at a bright slantse. For yes, go out, pour a diode with a solvent and leave it and lie down for a few hours, for preferring in a warm, ventilating room, a trace of something afraid of the forest. E, then more tryabva and gi zapoyavat in the battery, as described in the mountain, but you will achieve the desired voltage and current.

Folio panel

You can send the battery, use the copper folio. For yes, send tov, tryabva and pick up two sheets of 45 cm2, and clean the oxidizer on a daub from the skin, and grind water into the breather. Next, you will heat up one from tyah, for example, on an electric stove (more than a kilowatt) to a red-orange color, then something else more slowly and blackish - a commercial copper oxide, which is stored for another 30 seconds. Remove the boiler and leave everything and cool it down smoothly. A black oxide layer appeared on the leaf. From the plasma under the flowing water, so the golem particles will separate the oxide and everything, shaking and leaving the film, you can’t and act mechanically on the surface - I’ll cut it, I’ll clean it and I’ll fire it.

Get a single sheet with a layer of oxide, and the second one is clean, put the ghee in a container, a 5-liter bottle is marred and ideal. The oxide sheet is still "minus" and pure "plus". Those are not tryabva and this is dokosvat. Pour a container with a saline solution (about 1 tablespoon of salt per 1 liter of water). Tova dava 1 baby cage.

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Video:

Another example for sglobyavanes:

conclusions

The panels are suitable for storage, but they are not suitable for use on the device, so they use a catalytic source of energy and are not sufficient.Direct the photocells on your own, they are slightly useful for the practical use of a cathode source for electricity, but the cathosensor works well for light. You can use devices in various schemes for a photo relay. Home SPP is not a different option for back-up storage, but this way the main entrance can be used by the se namira itself in a non-electrified zone.

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