What is the LED driver and how do we choose the right
Title: LEDs 
LED, which is seriously sweeping away all the other sources in the light of the last few years, today you can and will always have intentions. They are used in apartments and offices, illuminate the streets, decorate fences and interiors. But for the rule of work on semiconductors, a light source requires a high-quality and reliable driver for LEDs. Today we are talking about Tozi, it is extremely important to enter and we will analyze why the driver is necessary, how to work and how expensive it is, and let's send the LED driver to your own.
Containment: 1. What kind of driver and protection is needed 2. Types of LED drivers 3. How to select a driver for LEDs 4. How do you distinguish between LED driver and LED tape storage 5. Scheme on the link to the LED driver 6. Direct si linear driver for LEDs
What kind of driver and protection is needed
If you take a look at the English-Russian riverman, you can figure out what shofyort is literally “chauffeur”. From where did you find a strange name and with what kind of punishment? For yes, we’ll analyze the tov, we’ll reject some of it a little and let’s talk for the LED.
A light-emitting diode (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device, capable of emitting light under the influence of a voltage applied to it. Osventova, for yes, work correctly semiconductor, voltage, somehow osigureva the optimal current of the crystal, shaking and be constantly and strictly stabilized. Tova is especially important for the power of the LEDs, which are extremely critical to any kind of downturn and pre-voltage in storing current.Vednaga trace of the catho is stored on the diode slightly less, the current is more gradual and as a result, the lighter power is less. When nai-smallly exceeding the normal value of the current, the semiconductor instantly breaks down and burns out.
It is mainly aimed at the driver and osiguri on the LED current, it is necessary for normal work. Due to this, the LED driver began to be stored on the LED, the technical “driver”, which achieved long-term and high-quality work on the semiconductors of the illuminator.
Types of LED drivers
All LED drivers can be classified according to the present principle on stabilization. Dnes ima two such principles:
- Lineen.
- Pulse.
Linear stabilizer
Yes, let's say that the LED is powerful imam, some trebva and shine. Let's put together a nai-prostate scheme:
Diagram explaining the line principle on the current regulation
I'm setting out the resistor R, which acts as a limiter, and the current resistance is desired - the LED lights up. If the voltage has been changed (for example, the battery is depleted), turn the jumper on the resistor and set the required current. Ako se increased it, putting on the beginnings of the current painting. Precisely the right thing to do is to forgive the linear stabilizer: keep track of the current of the LED and, if necessary, “smoke smoke” on the resistor. The very same rule is a lot of barzo, kato ima time and reaction to nay - a slight deviation in current from given stamina. Understanding this, the driver is nimqua nakva dzhzhka, the role you play from the transistor is negligible, but you can’t exchange the essence for an explanation.
What is the disadvantage of a chain with a linear current regulator? The fact is that there is a contrary element of regulation and useless power dissipation, some just polluting the air. Osventova, sharply high input voltage, sensible in golem sa ruin. For LEDs with a small current, such a circuit is not suitable and has been successfully used, but it is not possible to store the power of a semiconductor with a linear driver: the driver can and consume more energy from the illuminator itself.
Predimstvata on such a scheme for protection, including the relative simplicity of the scheme and the lower price of the driver, is calculated from the temple of reliability.
Linear driver for LED storage in jobless lighting
Pulse stabilization
In front of us, they will remove the LED, but we will also fold a little differently to protect the chain:
Diagram explaining the principle of working on a stabilizer from width to pulse
Now instead of the resistor imame buton KN and e added a capacitor for the preservation of C. I applied a voltage to the kum verigata and the onslaught of the button. The condenser is ground and it is charging and when it has reached the operating voltage, the LED light is on. So continue and keep the bud pressed, now it’s over the top of the admissible cost and the semiconductor burns out. Start the button. The capacitor continues to protect the LED and gradually discharges it. Vednaga shhom tokat fall under the admissible cost for the LED, press the bud again, protect the capacitor.
This is how we sit down and periodically on the onslaught of a bud, supporting the normal mode to work on the LED. Kolkoto in a high way preserves the voltage, interpreting it in a way is more bdat shrakvaniyata. Kolkoto at a low tension, sensible for a long time, tryabva and stop the bud.The same principle applies to pulse width modulation. The water supply monitors the current through the LED and controls the pre-switch, it is connected to a transistor or a thyristor. Toi go rule a lot of barzos (desets and dori stotytsi hiladi clicks per second).
On the right side, the work is annoying and complicated, but not for the electronic circuit either. But the efficiency of turning on the regulator can reach 95%. Dory and s guardian technical goods LED spotlights ruin the energy for the minimum, and turn on the elements for the driver, not the power of the radiators. Take it apart, turn on the stabilizer a little more complicated in design and in skype, but everything is different from the high performance, exceptional quality for current stabilization and excellent heat and size.
Tosi impulsen driver e in state and deliver up to 3A without any radiators. back kjm sdzharzhanieto ↑
How to select a driver for LEDs
A trace of the kato razgledahme of the principle of working on LED drivers, leaving and behold, we will teach you how to choose the right one. Ako did not take away the base on electrical engineering, getting into the school, the commodity is a simple question. Some choose the main characteristics of the converter for the LED, which is also involved in the selection:
- input voltage;
- initial voltage;
- outgoing current;
- outgoing power;
- degree of protection against environmental pollution.
In the first place, tryabva and decide from which source you still save your LED lamp. You can also buy a wire from 220 V, a burgundy wire for a car or another source for an exchangeable and direct current. First of all, it’s a warning, you’re crawling for some reason, the trembling is still in the range, it’s put in the passport for water in the “input voltage” column. In addition to the goleminate, it is necessary, yes, in all cases, foreseeing the type of current: constant or changeable.The value in contact, for example, is changing, but in kolata it is constant. Prviyat usually denoted with the abbreviation AC, followed by DC. Almost wines tazi information can be seen on the case on the device itself.
Tosi driver is designed to operate at 100 to 265 VAC
The next step is to remember to leave the parameters. Yes, suppose you have three LEDs for 3.3 V, the voltage and 300 mA current are working anyway (see friendly documentation). Decide and direct the table lamp, the schematic for the connection on the diode is serial. Let's work the voltage on the semiconductors, we get a voltage drop on the circuit: 3.3 * 3 = 9.9 V. So, if you need a driver with an initial voltage of 9.9 V, it is better to stabilize the current at 300 mA.
Let’s take it apart, it’s as if the device may not be intended to prevent voltage, but it’s not necessary. Vsichki drivers are not designed for a certain voltage, but for a certain range. Your task is to enter the value of si into the tosi range. But the tripping current is emitted exactly and at 300 mA. In extreme cases, maybe even a little bit (the lamp still shines weakly), but never more. In the opposite case, vashiyat homemade product is burnt out vednaga or next month.
Continue forward. Parsing the amount of power for the driver is not necessary. Tozi parametar treabva pon yes svpada from the consumption of energy to our lamp, and it’s better to put on the tasi with 10-20%. How can we calculate the power on our “bottom” from three LEDs? Remember: the electrical power on the product e current, contrary to the contrary, is multiplied by the applied voltage.Use the calculator and multiply the total voltage by the LEDs and the current, which will convert the latter into amperes: 9.9 * 0.3 \u003d 2.97 W.
Completely dokosvane. Structural execution. The device can be, yes, somehow in Kalf, and without it. Parviyat, sort it out, se insurance against dust and moisture, but in relation to electrical safety, it’s not a good option. Ako decide and put the driver in the lamp, for some good protection for the next Wednesday, then work harder. But if you open the hood on the lamp and the ventilating chamber (LED trebva and cool it), and the device itself is in the garage, then it’s kinder to choose a source on the storage in your own hood.
And so, the imame need from the LED driver with the following characteristics:
- save voltage - 220 V AC intermediary;
- initial voltage - 9.9 V;
- output current - 300 mA;
- initial power - not a little from 3 W;
- kalf - dust-resistant.
Otivame in the store and gledam. This is it:
Driver for LED protection
And not just suitable, but ideally discouraging on the application. A little bit of current is emitted from the belly on the LED, but it is absolutely nimma and will affect the brightness on the bright radiance. The energy consumption is lower down to 2.7 W - more reserve for the power supply.
How do you distinguish between LED driver and LED tape storage
Ima opinion che save for LED tape - something different from ordinary vodach with vodach. We will explain some of the problems and in some time we will teach you how to choose the right driver for the LED tape. LED stripe is a base, at the top of some of the locations, remove the LEDs. Those can but stand on 2, 3, 4 red, it’s not important.It’s important that you figure out how to connect between si.
The semiconductors are connected to the tape and divided into groups of 3 LEDs, connected in series through a current limiter. Vsichki groupi from their own country with a connection in parallel:
Wiring diagram for one section (left) and LED strip
The tape is sold in Macari, usually 5 m long and intended for working voltage 12 or 24 V. In the second case, each group has not 3, but 6 LEDs. Yes, let's say you bought a 12 V tape with a specific consumption for energy from 14 W / m. According to Tozi, the total consumer power from tsyalat kalerche is still 14 * 5 = 70 watts. Ako don’t see the trubva is sensible, you can cut off the unnecessary part with the condition that yes, I will cut it between the sections. For example, cut off half. How will the characteristics change in this case? Self-consummation for energy: it was half heavy.
The divisions into sections are clearly visible and dori marking with pictograms with a knife
Is the tryabva also limited to current stabilizers through a conventional LED? Take it apart, in a disgusting case, burn it out. But it’s all right to take away the resistor, install every section on the tape. To serve for the current limitation and it was chosen for the beginning, if the section itself delivers exactly 12 volts, the current output of the LED is still optimal. The task of the driver on the LED strip is to support the protection of the voltage strictly at 12 V. The resistor has stopped all current-limiting resistors.
According to this, the main difference between the stored with LED strip and the conventional LED driver is not clearly fixed by the initial voltage of 12 or 24 V. Even though it is not possible to use the conventional driver with the initial voltage, in other words, from 9 to 14 V.
Stop the selection criteria on the storage for the LED strip, follow:
- input voltage... The method for choosing will remove the type of driver used: the device is also designed for input voltage and current type, with which to save the LED tape;
- outgoing power... The power on the stored trebva and there will not be 10% higher than the power on the tape. In the meantime, it is not sizable, but all the time, we need a solid margin: the effectiveness of the structure is small;
- late class on Wednesday… Technikata e schata kato with LED driver (look at the mountain): dust and moisture do not shake and get into the device.
The driver behind the LED tape is not the same as high quality, but the voltage regulator is common. To produce a strictly fixed voltage, but absolutely do not follow the output current. If you wish for the experiment, you can instead use it, for example, to protect the block from the computer (12 V bus). Brightness and zealousness on tapeta nyama yes bdat zasegnati from tov.
Scheme on the link to the LED driver
Forest, yes, you can use the LED drivers, you can do it all the way. All markings are applied at the top of the belt. Apply an input voltage to the input wires (INPUT), connect a line from the LED to the output wires (OUTPUT). The only thing is, yes, there is a spasm of polarity, and even more, it’s right in detail.
Input polarity (INPUT)
Ako is on alert, it protects the driver, it’s constantly, togava clemata, marked with a “+”, tryabva and if it is connected to the positive pole on it. If it's a bit of a warning, pay attention to the markings on the input conductors. The following options are available:
- Markirane "L" and "N": terminal "L" trebva and apply phase (located with the help of an indicator screwdriver), terminal "N" - zero.
- Markiran "~", "AC" or Lipswa: No polarity spasm required.
Polarity at the output (OUTPUT)
Tuk vinagi se spazva polarity! The positive conductor is connected to the anode lead to the first LED, the negative lead to the cathode lead to the last one. The LEDs themselves are interconnected: anode to the next cathode to the previous one.
Connected to the driver kam garland from three LEDs, connected in series
Ako imate a lot of LEDs (yes, we are talking, 12 br.), togava those more tryabva and bdat division into nakkolko ednakvi groupi and tezi groupi tryabva and bdat connection in parallel. In a short time, keep in mind that the total consumer power on the lighting power will be more summed up from the power on the lights of the group, and the work of the voltage is even more equal to the voltage on the same group.
With the tosi method on the connected current on the four groups of LEDs, they collect
Direct si linear driver for LEDs
We’ll have some adventures with the theory, but let’s skip the practice and yes, let’s put together a linear driver with our own system. Nay-lesniyat started to solve the problems on Tozi and used the widely used integrated stabilizer KR142EN12A (an analog of the LM317 was introduced). You can, yes, try to find a suitable store and a stream of about 20 rubles. Necessary materials and tools: soldering iron, tester and conductors.
This microcircuit is designed for an input voltage of up to 40 V, a current cost of up to 1.5 A, and, most importantly, it is protected from pre-production, connection and overheating. Vyarno e, four voltage regulator and water jet and current stabilizer.But let's solve these problems even more, let's change the typical circuit for inclusion on a microchip.
Universal LED driver for graden stabilizer
The sound of the microcircuit is from the use of a kato regulating element, some current stabilizer on the given field. What is the value of the current? Everything depends on the resistance to the resistor R1, which is calculated according to a simple formula: R \u003d 1.2 / I, for example:
- R is the resistance in ohms;
- I e required current in amps.
For some reason, let's protect the driver for these LEDs, from where to the right, the table lamp is in the beginning to the statiyata. And so, imame needs a driver for a voltage of 9.9 V and a stabilized current of 300 mA. Calculate the value of the resistor R1: 1.2 / 0.3 = 4 ohms. Change the kato resistor to the current circuit, the choice of power is too small 4 W.
Resistor sa ideally knock, crawling into almost all TVs kato squeezing power (taki ima all the store). Imat power 2 W and resistance 1-2 ohms. Ako resistor sa a single ohm, togava those still need from 4 broy, ako two ohm-2 broy. The waves are sequential, so and so they form resistances.
Attach the microchip to the small radiator and connect the wire from three sequentially connect the LED of the output to our driver, which saves the polarity. You can turn it on. But where? What is the input voltage for the tosy driver? Here the soil is fun. The voltage at the entrance is tryabva and even more than 2-3 volts more from tov, from some things they need LEDs, but not more than from 40 V - the microchip is no more and more expensive.
In our particular case, the LEDs all need from 9.9 V. This means that the input can be constantly supplied with a voltage from 12 to 40 V. The voltage may be unstable.Accumulator for a stake, stored on a laptop or computer, lowering the transformer to a diode bridge. Svarzvame behold, spazviki polarity, and fenercheto is not ready!
So what is the conversation for LED shofiorite adventure. Nadyavam, now you don’t know how important it is to work, but you can even choose the right one, and even if it’s necessary, dory and put it down with your own mother.
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