What is the extent of using the light stream and how can you calculate
Title: Lightening 
Lightening is important, often from the stomach or industrial space, not only in relation to design, but also in relation to crawling. Method on the degree in use bright stream Tova e began for the calculation of the lighting system. Direct the calculation of this and that in advance, the result from it will also affect the extreme view of the room, electric chains on the lighting part, location and lighting on the light source. We’ll figure out how and why I’ve crawled and why I’ve asked a question!
Containment: 1. Health and safety at work 2. Method for calculating the clarification 3. Calculation Example
Health and safety at work
Once you calculate the lightening, tryabva and decide to ask:
- Select the lighting system (general, local or combined).
- Determine the amount of light needed.
- Materials for painting on the wall and for a fee, technical dimensions and heights.
- Decide the look and broya on fixtures.
- Seeing the light source determines the possibility of working in explosive and burning rooms, as well as in places with increased vibration from working equipment.
- Choose the type of broy lamp, somehow you will understand the admissibility of the coefficient on the wave.
- Check if your solution is suitable for the conditions for work in a particular case and so on.
Thus, careful selection of se should lie on the fact that if the clarification is incorrect, the probabilities from inadvertently increase. It could be caused somehow from insufficient illumination, as well as from an incorrectly chosen decision for a particular area.
Good and bad lighting in the workplace
Industrial lighting. Estimated for artificial lightening
More importantly, yes, it’s time to apply for clarification in production, broken off daily. The fact is, why sin, send it to the stage on the project, they can not only convey the inconvenience itself, but also bring it to a catastrophic aftermath.
For example:
In general, clarification is effective, but not economically viable. The main disadvantage and in some time the preference for the product solution is light, evenly distributed in a whole space. From one country, comrade povishava security, y kato chovekt is more convenient, and it is unlikely that this and that back in some way or that the camp is inconvenient for the sake of a weak light. From a different country, you need more lamps and lamps, somehow lead to an increase in the initial investment for the installation of the equipment, and until the end of the investment in the poor operation (repair and replacement of the source in the light, raincoats for consumer electricity).
The combined lighting scheme is economically economical and in a short time allows you to illuminate the work area in a smart way, which is necessary. At the present time, the space around the work area was left lit from a lot of small lamps, which turned out to be dark from the work area. As a result, the product needs little electricity for a functioning one.
General scheme for lighting - cyalata flock e illuminated spored izskvaniyata, evenly in brightness.
Combined scheme - the flock is not very brightly lit, but the work is lit from an additional lamp to the answer of Emin.
View and standardize for clarification as described in document SNiP II-4-79.
Method for calculating the clarification
The degree of illumination is chosen according to SNiP II-4-79, which is influenced by:
- characteristics for visual work;
- size on a part, with someone to work on a job;
- bloom on the frequency, neutralize the contrast from the background (for example, bloom on a working raft);
- bloom against the background (dark, medium, light).
Design on the flock with efficiency on the lightening
Vz is based on the product and determines the luminosity in lux (Lx). On the packaging from the lampat, you can see this is the characteristic of the kato bright stream, i.e. 1 lumen (Lm) and 1 Lx, i.e. 1 lumen per 1 m2.
From Comrade, it follows that it’s a bit like a flat area, it’s more sensible than a lumen from a lampat not shaking. In addition to the square footage, the tova is influenced by the height on the source on the light line and the colors on the tavana and stenite. Here, follow the rule for the inverse square - once the distance is increased by 2 five, the illumination is drawn by 4 five. Svetlinnata energy is distributing it over the surface into a sphere. That is, square by radius.
Dark tavan and stenite reflect the lightness of light, lead to increase by a broy on a lampite, we can clearly see the basis of the formula on the given formula.
Legend:
- LN - a lamp with a push button;
- LL - luminescent;
- LED - LED;
- DRL - zhivak with a dzhorazryad;
- DRI-gum-iodide discharge per day;
- HNaT - sodium pipeline with high pressure.
The pure formula for looking out is as follows:
Ф = (Emin * k * S * Z) / (N * n * η)
Description of the light stream that you will receive from the installation project.
The second formula is to help and be sure to lighten the body, so that the light flow and lightening will be achieved:
N = (Emin * k * S * Z) / (F * N * n)
- F e throw on a lumen or a light stream.
- Emin e minimal illuminance, normalization of stature, for some reason we say at the beginning to the tosi section;
- k - safety factor, depending on the type of lamp used, LN - 1.15, DRL and DNaT - 1.3, LL and LED - 1.1. They will bring in, for all of them, foreseeing a sharply falling amount of light from the lamp at the time of work. Painted on the light stream, this case is somehow separated on the source on the light line (worn out on a phosphor coating on a fluorescent lamp, as well as on an LED crystal);
- S e area on the illuminated space;
- Z - Coefficient for uneven lightening, for LL - 1.15, for stop - 1.1;
- N e broyat on a lampite;
- n e throw on a lamp in an illuminating body;
- η is the coefficient on the use of the light stream.
Can you calculate how much the power of the consumer lamps is, for which you can use a simple formula:
Ptot = Plumpa * N * n
Quantity and quality on the illumination of the body play a role in calculating the illumination
Calculation procedure:
- Define the scheme for lighting.
- Vz base on the hearth of the rules and sort out the standardized clarification.
- Choose the type of light fixture.
- Choose the type of body illuminator.
- Analyze the conditions for working on illuminating bodies and determine k and z based on the analysis.
- If the cover is on the wall and tawana, you will evaluate the reflectivity on the surface (r).
- Index per stock i.
- Calculate η.
- Calculate N and F.
- You will send the design to the sources to the light, so you can see the view on the lampite, lampite, technium broy, some more oshiguri Emin.
The following catoste was determined by the standard for illumination, tryabva and choose the type on the lamp, depending on the lightness for support and the reliability of working under specific conditions, such as from the light on the lumen at 1 W power. Lamp from the pressed lamp emits 7–20 lm / W, fluorescent - about 75 lm / W, LED - 100 lm / W, DRL - 90 lm / W.
Safety factor k
The power of the reduction factor k on the light flux does not depend to a degree on the type of lamp used, but on the conditions of the surrounding environment.
Indicators that affect the top of the calculation
Coefficient for non-uniformity Z
The coefficient for non-uniformity Z depends on the symmetry of the illumination body, such as the ratio L / h (distance between the illumination body / the height of the illumination body)
h = H-hw-hr,
H e is not high on the tavana, hw is high from the tavan to the bottom on the lighting body, hp is high from the hearth to the light on the plain (car, desktop computer, etc.), for example, for the illuminator of the body, location on the corner on the right corner Z sa in the range from 1.4 to 2, thinning - 1.7-2.5. Ako illumine the body sa thinning in one edition, you can use the stamina, give it in the description of the formula. With a general scheme for clarification on the tavana and a lot of lamps, which can and blind the staff, but all the damage is used on such a scheme, and it is possible that all the sources will be pumped to the light at a height of 2.5 and at the temple.
The coefficient on the use of the light stream
The coefficient on the use of the light stream depends somehow on the color on the wall and the tavana (reflecting on the light line) in the table, the second line and the third line (rp and rS), and on the format on the beam on the illuminating body (parvata red in the table).The format on the beam may be intended in the technical documentation for a particular device or in comparison with a schematic image on a typical bright beam. As a result, the disputed table is defined on the item:
Coefficient needed for calculation
Calculation coefficient, table2
Somehow they could be whiter, but let us determine i - the index per flock. Tova can be counted according to the formula:
i = (AB) / (h * (A + B)),
to A and B the length and width of the room, h e the height of the lamp on the surface to be worked on.
Calculation Example
Yes, let's say, what is the place with a size of 10 m by 20 m, from a tavani from a height of 4.2 m, a high plain hР = 0.8 m. Sew on the walls of sa sivi, close to the darkness on the syanka, togava pS = 30%, tavante concrete, light gray, but lighter from the wall, therefore pP = 50%, the working plain e dark is calculated - pP = 10%. Land plots, all planiers are illuminated with lamps from the Astra type with lamps with a pressable button, and it is necessary to add lighting from 50 Lx. Illuminate the bodies more than 0.5 m from the tavan. k store in a room with a low dust content for a lamp with a lighted lamp e 1.3
Togawa:
hp = 4.2-0.8-0.5 = 2.9 m.
The Astra lighting system has a cosine distribution for light. Format on the distribution of lightness affects the top of the brow on the illumination of the body of the disputed table
Defining on the broy on the illumination of the body
The optimal relative distance between the illuminating bodies in this case is e 1.6
Togawa L = 2.9 * 1.6 = 4.64 m.
For yes, bend the lighter body lighter, ripple and divide the width by the room by the distance L:
Na \u003d 10 / 4.64 \u003d 2.15, close to nai - close number - 2 red.
They brooch on a lampite in one red - dividing the length into flocks on L:
Nb \u003d 20 / 4.64 \u003d 4.31, rounded to the nearest - 4 lamps in two reds.
In general, ima 8 lamps, for yes gi put imate need from:
A=10, B=20
L0 = 4.6 m,
(10-4.6) / 2 = 2.7 meters - the distance from the long wall to the lamp.
Ty kato imame 4 lampi subred at a distance of 4.6 meters:
(20-18.4) / 2 \u003d 0.8 e distance from the wall to the lighting body.
Index per flock:
I = (10 * 20) / 2.9 * (10 + 20) = 2.29
From the table, choose the resistance to the light flux, with a reflective coefficient of reflection heavy 0.6
F = 50 * 1.3 * 1.15 * 200/8 * 0.6 = 3115 Lm
Tova means that every kind of lighting was shaking and there was about 250-300 W, like the installation of a lamp with a lighted switch and about 30-35 W, like the installation of LEDs.
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