How to direct the sensor for the movement
Title: Sensory for movement 
It’s convenient e yes be out of control for lightening sensory for movement… Used on systems for home automation, you can significantly save energy. For example, install a sensor for street lighting along the 5th floor of the kashchat, at the entrance, corridor, storage room, save yourself from the need and turn the switch on in the dark and never, take it away and turn it off. In the tazi, we will tell you about the characteristics on the sensor and how to direct the sensor for the movement with your own right.
Containment: 1. Briefly for the sensorite 2. How the device works 3. Schemes for home sensors for movement 4. How do you wire the device and adjust the sensitivity? 5. Price for popular models 6. Conclusion
Briefly for the sensorite
The sensory for the movement is prevvlyuchva natovarvanetto in the presence of external influence, which depends somewhat on the type of sensor and the principle of non-feeling on the action. Whenever it opens the presence or movement of something on the lot, it is stored by supplying a pre-triac or electromagnetic relay to the goods. Anything can work like this: a mug, a heater, a high speaker, a combination of high power and not a maximum switching power on the sensor. Usually the maximum power on the product is about 1 kW.
Ako tryabva yes turn on more power, tryabva yes add another relay to the verigata, so save the clamp on the sensor for movement and turn on the voltage of the relay of the bobbin.
How the device works
The principle of the action on the sensor depends on the view of the schematic on the link and the use of the element.Contrary to the above, the task is the same and the same, but different start for the implementation on the sensor for the movement can be divided into groups of the principle on the tahnoto action. Some razgledam predimstvata and lack of all sorts of tyah.
contact or magnetic
Nay-forgive the option to use the mechanical edge of the switch, with some you can turn on the light, if the gate is open or closed, for example. Tova is not a sensor, but all the packs of nay-lesniyat start for implementation on automatic inclusion on devices.
The next option is the switches of the switch (contact is sealed), the following is not enough: the switch and the switch are in a glass cone, which can be closed or opened under the influence of a magnetic field. In this case, a permanent magnet is installed on the gate, and the switch is located on the gate (housing). Contact mu chesto not sa in the state and preminate the golem current, for some reason with the help of the relay, the bobbin can turn it on, for that, increase the ability to turn it on.
Scheme on the sensor for movement
IR sensor
Infrared sensors for the movement of the response to the infrared radiation, the goods are measured from a length to a width of 1 ± mm or a frequency of 300-400 GHz. This is the basic sensor element used by the PIR (PIR) -sensor. That record is exchanged for the amount of radiation above it.
IR treatment is fuel-efficient.
Tova means that in infrachervenia the range of people from the catholyam is a source for radiation. In some time, the temperature of the sensor itself cannot be changed to work significantly. Information from the outside is holy to tryabva and hit the top of the sensor, ty kato tova izlchvane sibir from a group of bream, for example, bream on Fresnel. Externally, the kato seer is seen in a calf with ribbed glass.
Depending on the design of the lens for visibility on the infrared sensor, the movement can reach up to 360 degrees, which in this case is usually done by mounting a slightly pyroelectric element (PIR), and breeze sa focusing upwards from the response zone to visibility. Takiva wide-angle sensory is necessary for recording movement from all sides of the country, but not all will be put a little tight-focused, a single 360-degree sensor on tavana.
IR sensor response to toplin
Dignity:
- price;
- simplicity;
- distribution;
- work well closed;
- good corrections;
- Don't tease the animals.
lack:
- unreliability;
- problems when working on the streets.
Ty kato react to toplin, that ima is a lot of "harmful" factories for precision work. False positive results appear at all times when the heater is blown on the heater or the heater is turned on, if the temperature of the wind is too low, it is even different (to the right) from the temperature of the person. Therefore, it is not likely that you will work in the kitchen, when you will find yourself in front of a burning stove, but is it necessary there?
Laser or photo sensor
The laser sensor is a smart element, a transmitter and a receiver, which can also be used in the infrared spectrum, so you can’t see it from the eye of the beholder. Such a sensor is used when signaling, when a laser beam is activated, it does not hit a photodetector (photoresistor or photodiode) and a verigat giving a signal for the presence in the room. How to use the tosi signal depends on the voltage switch, you can turn on the light through a relay for time or a siren or a signal from the block for control to the system for sigurnost and sigurnost.
Another type of photo sensor is as follows: the LED emitter and receiver are not installed at the same time crossing each other, but they are one to the other, in one and the same plain, it is isolated by reflecting and hitting the optical receiver, once you get into the visual field on the sensor, the sensor for the movement of all of it is involved. Another has a sensor for obstacles.
Preferences:
- Simplicity.
Disadvantages:
- Close visual field.
- Application specific.
Specificity on photo sensor per motion
Microwave oven
Microwave sensor for movement - work on the principle of a radio receiver-traitor. Vv verigata se generate high-frequency flutter and receive it, often configuring it according to the beginnings: sometimes it’s not close, the relay is out of the way. Once you get into the working area on the receiver, change it on the treptene, as a result, some of the diode on the detector sends a signal, if necessary, turn on the storage element and apply voltage to the goods.
Disadvantages:
- High-quality radiation is not harmful for health (despite the fact that you carry a smartphone in JobSee, it’s even more radiation).
- Relatively high price.
- False alarms are possible when exposed from outside the monitored area.
Preferences:
- sensitivity and allow you to open, for example, the object behind the gate or glass;
- otkriva dori nai - little movement.
This is how the micro-wave sensor works for movement
Ultrasound
Another type of e is graded according to the principle of "transmitter - receiver" - an ultrasonic sensor for movement. Frequency on the ultrasonic wave is in the range above 20 kHz, but below 60 kHz. The principle on the curve is based on the Doppler effect. The length is reflected on the vlnata se promena, the receiver is opened, the tazi is promyana and giving a signal for the presence of this and movement to a new object.
lack:
- Animals can react to it.Repellent for a bunch of ultrasonic emitters work at the top.
- So move it funny, ultrasonic DD may not work.
Dignity:
- acceptable price;
- change the insensitive to the conditions for the surrounding environment.
Schemes for home sensors for movement
We offer and examine some schemes that are suitable for repetition and study on the principle of working on the sensor. In addition, the microwave oven can be used to help and master the technology based on radio transmission and transmission to the signal, and the circuit, using the microcontroller, you will allow and send a modular version with the solution prepared for the Arduino.
Veriga on the detector for presence
capacitive
We take some for a normal state - sometime close to the sensor, and for the descent - sometime close.
Transistor VT1 is the generator input to the switch in the field, tuned to 100 kHz. Oscillatory chain L2C2 e is tuned to resonance with it. The alternator is electrically connected via R2. VD1 (detector diode). Chestotite sa socheni when lipsa on the outside of influence, that is, do not slacken the verigata and seize it from her. Detail DA1 is a comparator, necessary for equalizing the signal from the diode and the reference voltage, wired through R3. In a normal state, the tremble goes out and everything tends to zero. In the case of a signal for non-inverting, the input to the “-” comparator is equal to 5 V, and to the output - 0 V.
When you bring it closer to the sensor, increase the capacitance more, the frequency on the generator is even smaller, you influence the frequency on the generator, and the frequency on L2C2, setting from the oscillator of the wire to connect the capacitance and inductance in parallel.
The resonance between the oscillator and the band is gone and the voltage is on the non-inverting input of the pad. This voltage is on the inverter, the voltage is high, the ground and the ground are out of the ground until the voltage is stored and the spiral is 8 volts (approximately), they can and all use the control on the relay, through the transistor for amplification on the output current, thyristors and other devices from the other you will deliver the goods.
And wind the self-winding on a ferrite wire 2000 NM, 20 mm with an external diameter of 100 windings on a PEV-2 body 0.2 mm, wind up to the winding. In its own edition, L1 is pochukva from the 20th zavoi, and L2 from the 50th zavoy (from Wednesday). Vyatar, such a distance between the beginning and the edge, but not a little from 0.3 mm.
Sensor - 2 body broyas with a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 1–1.5 m, located at a distance of 20 cm from each other.
Setting: with a voltmeter measure voltage C5, trimmer C4, reach the maximum voltage (2.5-5 V), but the voltage is low, add a capacitor with a constant 15 pF in parallel with C3, but still no voltage is enough, paint R1 , but not a little from 500 kΩ. The next step is to develop R3 to the long position, and R2 to the middle position. LED, connected to the output of the operating amplifier through a resistor, shine. Zavartete R3, such a thing and go out. Configure directly where else you install it. Whichever you configure on the working raft and trace, put the sensor there, where you planned it, most likely again, and configure it again.
Thermal sensor on Arduino
For yes, protect the PIR project for the sensor for the movement on the Arduino, shaking:
- PIR sensor HC-SR501.
- Arduino UNO (or whatever is similar).
- Zahranvane 4-6 V.
Connected to Sensory Elements
HC-SR501 - containing 1 pyroelectric element, covered with bream and the necessary tape at the top of the printed handkerchief. From one country to a shawl, Ima undercut the resistors for regulation on sensitivity and time on fun. The signal is emitted with an amplitude of 3.3 volts, and the voltage is stored with a voltage of 5-12 volts. The maximum distance, with some sensory involvement, is 7 m, and the time for closing the trace is up to 5 minutes.
Scheme on the connection to the sensor
The circuit is connected to the control of the light through a relay.
Control for light
An illustrative diagram on the cable top of a scarf without soldering
Option for connection
Programming code is elementary:
Program code
You can change the code depending on your needs.
How do you wire the device and adjust the sensitivity?
And photorelay and tied to the motion sensor sshchoto, usually ima three conductors or clamps:
- The incoming phase and zero (220 V) are connected to the block (or conductor) on the sensor.
- Stop the conductor e phase of the polylay (or other goods).
- Pravata nula se supplying a lampat from the distributor kutia.
Ako tryabva yes nakarate svetlinata yes turn it on, put the preswitch between the incoming phase and the outgoing phase, the same way the sensor is knocked out, or tryyabva yes force the lamp yes turn it off, switch the preswitch of the front sensor to the phase and two of it.
Price for popular models
Conclusion
You can send a sensor for the movement, own it or buy it ready, price mu varira from 300-600 rubles km of the moment on writing.
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